Samba Brasileiro como proposta inovadora em programas de reabilitação cardíaca / Brazilian samba: an innovative proposal for cardiac rehabilitation programs

Fundamentos: O samba requer movimentos intensos, o que torna plausível a expectativa de benefício ao sistema cardiovascular. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do samba brasileiro no treinamento físico de cardiopatas participantes de programa de reabilitação cardíaca. Métodos: Quinze indivíduos com doença arterial coronariana estável, média de idade 60,74±5,96 anos, realizaram teste cardiopulmonar. Durante três aulas executaram 17 passos de samba em três andamentos musicais, para verificar o comportamento da frequência cardíaca (FC) e a percepção de esforço. Realizada análise descritiva dos dados, e utilizado o teste de Wilcoxon para comparar o comportamento da FC, com nível de significância de 5%.Resultados: Os pacientes se mantiveram acima de 76% do tempo total na zona-alvo considerada ideal para treinamento, com a FC situada entre o primeiro e o segundo limiar ventilatório, e percepção de esforço de leve a moderada. Conclusão: O protocolo de samba brasileiro permitiu que pacientes com doença cardiovascular permanecessem dentro da zona-alvo desejada para treinamento físico.

Alterações da normalidade e lesões bucais encontradas numa faculdade de odontologia do Sul do Brasil / Changes in normality and oral lesions found in a School of dentistry of southern Brazil

A Estomatologia tem um papel muito importante na Odontologia, pois o conhecimento das lesões bucais é imprescindível para um diagnóstico adequado, assim como para um correto tratamento. Nesse sentido, também é muito importante a documentação odontológica do diagnóstico, tratamento e acompanhamento das lesões bucais. Objetivo: neste trabalho pretendeu-se verificar os principais tipos de lesões/alterações da normalidade que acometem a cavidade bucal dos pacientes atendidos na Clínica de Estomatologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da UPF no período de agosto de 2012 a dezembro de 2013 através de documentação clínica em prontuários. Método: consistiu-se num estudo longitudinal observacional acerca de 82 lesões atendidas na Clínica de Estomatologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da UPF atendidas no período estipulado. Acerca das mesmas foram coletadas as características epidemiológicas e clínicas, as quais foram tabuladas em planilha própria e analisadas por estatística descritiva de frequência. Resultados e Discussão: constatou-se que mulheres na quinta e sexta décadas de vida foram mais acometidas por lesões/alterações de normalidade no período estudado. A lesão fundamental mais prevalente foi o nódulo e a localização mais frequente foi a mucosa jugal. O trauma foi apontado como fator etiológico mais prevalente. Das lesões pesquisadas, a mais prevalente foi a hiperplasia fibroepitelial. Conclusão: é de extrema importância a informatização e o uso da documentação odontológica das lesões/alterações de normalidade através dos dados clínicos para que se tenha uma compreensão do processo de diagnóstico/tratamento...

Stomatology has a very important role in dentistry, because knowledge of oral lesions is essential for a proper diagnosisas well as for proper treatment. In this sense, it is also very important the dental records for diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of oral lesions. Objective: this paper aims to verify the main types of lesions / normal changes that affect the oral cavity of patients treated atthe Clinic of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo ? UPF. Method: the study was carried out from August 2012 to December 2013 analyzing clinical documentation in medical records. It was a longitudinal observational study of 82 lesions treated at Clinic of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, UPF met within the stipulated period. About the lesions were collected epidemiological and clinical characteristics, which were tabulated in the worksheetand analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency. Results and discussion: it was found that women in the fifth and sixth decades of life were more affected by injuries / variations from normal duringthe study period. The most prevalent primary lesion was a nodule and the most frequent location was the buccal mucosa. The trauma was identified as the most prevalent etiologic factor. The studied lesions, the most prevalent was fibroepithelial hyperplasia. Conclusion: is of utmost importance to use informatics systems and dental records of injuries / variations from normal by clinical data in order to have anunderstanding of the diagnostic / treatment process...

Estrategias de identificacao, investigacao e classificacao de desfechos incidentes no ELSA-Brasil / ELSA-Brasil strategies for outcome identification, investigation and ascertainment

OBJETIVO: O artigo descreve as estratégias do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) para a manutenção da adesão dos participantes ao longo do tempo e seu seguimento adequado. Isto é fundamental para garantir a validade interna de estudos longitudinais e identificar, investigar e classificar os desfechos incidentes de interesse. MÉTODOS: A metodologia de seguimento da coorte combina contatos telefônicos anuais com re-exames e entrevistas a cada três ou quatro anos. O objetivo é identificar desfechos incidentes de natureza transitória, reversíveis ou não; desfechos finais, de natureza irreversível; bem como complicações relacionadas à evolução das doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes, principais doenças estudadas. RESULTADOS: As entrevistas telefônicas visam monitorar a saúde dos participantes e identificar possíveis eventos ocorridos, como internações hospitalares, exames ou procedimentos especializados definidos previamente. O participante também é incentivado a comunicar a ocorrência de algum evento de saúde ao Centro de Pesquisa. A partir da identificação de um potencial evento, é iniciado um processo de investigação, que inclui acesso a prontuários médicos para verificação de datas e informações detalhadas sobre aquele evento. Os documentos obtidos são analisados sem identificação do paciente, profissional ou serviço de saúde e classificados por um comitê de especialistas médicos. A classificação de desfechos incidentes adotada baseia-se em critérios internacionais consagrados, garantindo comparabilidade e reduzindo o erro de classificação deles. Além dessas estratégias, a ocorrência de desfechos ...

OBJECTIVE: The article describes the strategies adopted by the Brazilian Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) for participation and retention of subjects. This is key to ensure internal validity of longitudinal studies, and to identify, investigate, and ascertain outcomes of interest. METHODS: The follow-up strategies include annual telephone contacts with new assessments and interviews every three to four years this approach aims to identify transient outcomes (reversible or not), permanent outcomes as well as complications related to the progression of major diseases - cardiovascular diseases and diabetes - to be studied. RESULTS: Telephone interviews are designed to monitor subjects' health status and to identify potential health-related events such as hospital admissions, medical visits or pre-selected medical procedures. Subjects are also encouraged to report to the ELSA-Brasil team any new health-related events. When a potential event is identified, a thorough investigation is carried out to collect relevant information about that event from medical records. All data are blinded and reviewed and analyzed by a medical expert committee. Incident outcome ascertainment follows well-established international criteria to ensure data comparability and avoid misclassification. In addition to these strategies, the occurrence of health-related events is also investigated through linkage of secondary databases, such as national mortality and hospital admission databases. CONCLUSIONS: Accurate identification of outcomes will allow to estimating their incidence in the study cohort and to investigate the effect of the exposures studied in the ELSA-Brasil at baseline and at its subsequent waves. .

Técnica Portie I de derivación gastro-bilio-pancreática en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la obesidad mórbida / Portie I technique of Biliopacreatic diversion for the surgical treatment of morbid obesity

Introducción: la obesidad es una epidemia de nuestro tiempo y la cirugía el único tratamiento efectivo en su solución. Objetivo: exponer la técnica Portie I como tratamiento quirúrgico de la obesidad mórbida y sus comorbilidades más frecuentes. Métodos: entre enero de 2000 y enero 2012 se realiza un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo longitudinal donde incluyeron 683 pacientes con obesidad mórbida tratados con la técnica Portie I. Se evaluaron los tipos de obesidad y las comorbilidades asociadas para diseñar la estrategia quirúrgica. Se muestran los resultados y se clasifican en tempranas y tardías las complicaciones posoperatorias ocurridas. Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino con 465 pacientes y 268 masculinos. Comorbilidades 66 (9,6 porciento) 4 mortalidad (0,5 porciento) pérdida del exceso de peso por encima de 80 porciento en el 75 porciento de los casos a los 5 años. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue 3,5 horas (rango de 2,74,3 horas). Conclusiones: La técnica quirúrgica de derivación gastro-bilio-pancreática Portie I es una opción segura y efectiva en la cirugía de la obesidad mórbida(AU)

Introduction: obesity is considered an epidemic nowadays. Though it has several ways of treatment, surgery has been proved to be the best option. Objective: to show Portie I technique for the surgical treatment of morbid obesity and its most frequent comorbidities. Methods: a prospective and descriptive longitudinal study is conducted between January 2000 and January 2012, in which 683 patients with morbid obesity treated with the Portie I surgical technique were included. Different types of obesities and the associated comorbodities were evaluated to set the appropriate surgical strategy. Post-surgical results and classifications of early and late complications are presented. Results: prevalence of 465 female patients over 268 male patients was significant, meanwhile comorbidity was 66 (9.6 percent), mortality was 4 (0.5 percent), weight loss was over 80 percent in 75 percent of the total of cases by the end of 5 years after surgery. Average surgical time was 3.5 hours. (Ranking 2.74.3 hours) Conclusions: the technique of biliopacreatic diversion is an effective and safe surgical option in the management of morbid obesity(AU)

Revascularización coronaria incompleta y eventos cardíacos posteriores a intervencionismo coronario percutáneo / Incomplete coronary revascularization and cardiac events following percutaneous coronary intervention

No hay datos concluyentes para evaluar la ventaja de la revascularización coronaria completa en el intervencionismo coronario percutáneo. Objetivo general: determinar si la revascularización incompleta se asocia con la incidencia de eventos cardíacos posteriores al intervencionismo coronario percutáneo. Métodos: se realizó una investigación observacional prospectiva con 192 pacientes con enfermedad coronaria multivaso, sin antecedentes de revascularización coronaria, tratados mediante intervencionismo coronario percutáneo con implantes de stents en el Instituto de Cardiología desde el 1 de enero del 2003 hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2005. Análisis estadístico: para determinar la asociación de la revascularización incompleta con eventos cardíacos se calculó el riesgo relativo. Resultados: al analizar la asociación de la revascularización incompleta con los eventos clínicos y los procederes cardíacos posteriores al intervencionismo coronario percutáneo, no se obtuvo relación alguna. Conclusiones: la revascularización coronaria incompleta no se asocia con mayor incidencia de eventos cardíacos posteriores a un intervencionismo coronario percutáneo con implantes de stents convencionales

No conclusive data are available to evaluate the advantages of complete coronary revascularization in percutaneous coronary intervention. General objective: Determine whether incomplete revascularization is associated with the incidence of cardiac events following percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted with 192 patients with multivessel coronary disease and no history of coronary revascularization, treated by percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation at the Institute of Cardiology from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2005. Statistical analysis: Relative risk was estimated to determine the association of incomplete revascularization with cardiac events. Results: On analyzing the association of incomplete revascularization with clinical events and cardiac procedures following percutaneous coronary intervention, no relation was obtained. Conclusions: Incomplete coronary revascularization is not associated with a higher incidence of cardiac events following percutaneous coronary intervention with conventional stent implantation

Radioterapia de intensidad modulada: resultados preliminares de los primeros pacientes atendidos en Cuba / Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy: preliminary results of the first patients in Cuba

Introducción: la radioterapia de intensidad modulada es una técnica moderna donde se modula la intensidad de haz de radiaciones para irradiar el tejido tumoral y disminuir al máximo la dosis recibida por los tejidos sanos. El Instituto de Oncología y Radiobiología (INOR), pionero en emplear la técnica en Latinoamérica, presenta sus resultados preliminares. Métodos: se presentó un estudio prospectivo realizado en 31 pacientes a los cuales se les diagnosticó un tumor de cabeza y cuello y fueron tratados con radioterapia de intensidad modulada, desde mayo de 2008 hasta mayo de 2010. Resultados: las edades de los pacientes incluidos en el estudio estaban comprendidas entre los 45 y 70 años con una mediana de 58 años. Predominó el sexo masculino con 87 porciento. Las etapas clínicas localmente avanzadas fueron las más frecuentes. Con el empleo de esta técnica no hubo interrupción del tratamiento por toxicidades o complicaciones importantes. El 89 porciento de los pacientes mantiene controlada su enfermedad y solo 4 de ellos tuvieron recaída: 3, locorregionalmente y 1 a distancia. Las complicaciones más frecuentes durante el tratamiento fueron la radiomucositis, la disfagia y la disfonía, pero generalmente toleradas por los pacientes con el suministro de tratamientos de sostén. La xerostomía no se presentó en estos pacientes porque en la planificación de la técnica se protegen las parótidas como órganos de riesgo (OR). Conclusiones: el mayor control locorregional del tumor y la disminución de las complicaciones durante el tratamiento indican la superioridad de la técnica...

Introduction: the intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is a current technique where the beam radiations intensity to irradiate the tumoral tissue and to decrease at maximum the dose received by healthy tissues. The Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), pioneer in the use of this technique in Latin America, offers its preliminary results. Methods: a prospective study was conducted in 31 patients diagnosed with a head and neck tumor treated with radiotherapy of modulated intensity from May, 2008 to May, 2010. Results: ages of patients included in present study were between 45-70 years with a mean of 58 years. There was predominance of male sex for a 87 percent. The clinical stages locally advances were the more frequent. With the use of this technique there was not interruption of treatment from toxicities or significant complications. The 89 percent of patients maintain controlled its diseases and only 4 of them had relapses: three in a loco-regional way and another one at distance. The more frequent complications during the treatment were the radio-mucositis, dysphagia and dysphonia, but in general were tolerated by patients with the supply of support treatment. The xerostomia wa not present in these patients due to in the planning of technique the parotid glands are protected like risk organs (RO). Conclusions: the great loco-regional control of tumor and the decrease of complications during treatment indicates the superiority of the technique...

La glucemia de ayuno como indicador pronóstico durante las complicaciones macrovasculares agudas / Fasting glycemia as a prognostic indicator during the acute macrovascular complications

Introducción: Con la intención de evaluar la influencia de la hiperglucemia en la evolución de pacientes con accidentes macrovasculares agudos se estudiaron 73 personas hospitalizadas con síndrome coronario agudo o accidente cerebrovascular, independientemente de su condición de padecer diabetes mellitus (21,9 por ciento) o no. Métodos: Se registraron complicaciones tempranas (vasculares, sépticas y muerte) y se determinó la glucemia al ingreso, de ayuno y posprandial, así como la hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c). Se calcularon las medias de cada determinación y se compararon los grupos de pacientes complicados con aquellos que evolucionaron satisfactoriamente. Resultados: Se halló que solo la glucemia de ayuno se asoció con un peor pronóstico (p=0,004), lo que no se confirmó con el resto del perfil glucémico ni con la HbA1c (p=0,25), aún cuando todos los promedios fueron superiores en el grupo de pacientes complicados. El perfil lipídico tampoco se asoció con las complicaciones posteriores a un proceso macrovascular. Conclusiones: La hiperglucemia de ayuno, en rango diabético, se asoció con una evolución desfavorable en el grupo de pacientes estudiados

Introduction: To assess the influence of hyperglycemia on the course of patients with acute macrovascular accidents, 73 patients admitted due to acute coronary syndrome or cerebrovascular accident were studied, independently of its diabetes mellitus (21,9 percent) or not. Methods: There were early complications (vascular, septic and death); authors determined the presence of glycemia at admission, fasting and postprandial, as well as the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The means of each determination were estimated and the groups of patients complicated were compared with a satisfactory evolution. Results: There was found that fasting glycemia was associated with the worse prognosis (p = 0,004) even though all averages were higher in the complicated patients group. The lipid profile was not associated with complications after a macrovascular process. Conclusions: Fasting hypoglycemia, in diabetes rank was associated with a unfavourable course in the group of study patients

Growing up with the families of β-thalassaemia major using an accelerated longitudinal design.

Background & objectives: It is difficult for a single investigator to study the psychosocial changes that occur over the life span of an individual affected with a chronic illness like β-thalassaemia major. Therefore, a developmental epidemiological perspective is required to understand the chain of events and problems of psychological nature. We aimed to construct the picture of developmental epidemiology for psychosocial aspects in families of β-thalassaemia major patients attending a tertiary care hospital in north India. Methods: The accelerated longitudinal design was used. The sample consisted of 100 children with β-thalassaemia and their 150 parents, both groups were subdivided further so that each group represented the continuum of longitudinal course. The sampling was done for a period of 16 months from January 2004 to April 2005. Results: Overall 54 per cent of children had significant psychopathology. Within the parents groups, 10 per cent had adjustment disorder, 33.3 per cent depressive disorder, and 10 per cent had anxiety disorder and 11 per cent somatoform disorder; 95 per cent of the parents of newly diagnosed children expressed feeling of dazed and shock, fear of death, hopelessness, separation anxiety and problems with their memory and concentration. There was significant difference only in the domain of psychological health in all the three groups of parents with respect to the quality of life. Among children, quality of life improved with their progression of illness. Growing up with β-thalassaemic family was analyzed. Interpretation & conclusions: The developmental epidemiological perspective was constructed in β -thalassaemic children and their family using an accelerated longitudinal design. Such a design can test the hypothesized aetiological or developmental function of a targeted risk factor within a developmental path and may be used in studying the psychological impact of even other chronic illnesses over the life span of an individual for conceptual and holistic understanding.